TCP/IP MODEL
TCP/IP model was designed and developed
by Department of Defense (DOD) in 1960s and is based on standard protocols. It
stands for Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol. The TCP/IP model is a concise version of the OSI model. It contains four
layers as--
Network layer-
A network layer is the
lowest layer of the TCP/IP model. A network layer is a layer which defines how
the data items should be sent physically through the network. This layer is
mainly responsible for the transmission of the data between two devices on the
same network. This layer encapsulating the IP datagram into frames transmitted
by the network and also mapping the IP addresses into physical addresses. The
protocols used by this layer are Ethernet cable, token ring, frame relay.
Note:-Here, frame relay is a packet switching technology which is
basically used for data item transmission. Frames are variable in length and
goes upto 4096 bytes.
Internet layer:
--
The internet layer is a
layer which is used to send the packets (data packets).This layer helps the
packet to travel independently to the destination. Order in which packets are received is different from the way they
are sent. The various functions performed by the Internet Layer are:-Delivering
IP packets, Performing routing, Avoiding congestion.
Transport layer:--
The
transport layer is responsible for the reliability, flow control and correction
of data which is being sent over the network. Transport layer also used for
deciding whether data transmission should be on parallel path or single.
Application layer:- An application layer is the topmost layer.This layer allows the user to interact with the application or desired output.
Main protocols used in the application layer are as:--
HTTP: HTTP stands for Hypertext transfer
protocol. This protocol allows us to access the data over the www (World Wide
Web). It transfers the data in the form of plain text, audio, video.
SMTP: SMTP stands for Simple mail transfer protocol. This protocol is used to send the data to another e-mail address.
DNS: DNS stands for Domain Name System. As an IP address is used to identify the connection of a host to the internet uniquely. But, people basically prefer to use the names .Therefore Domain Name System is used.
TELNET: It is basically stands for Terminal Network. It establishes the connection between the local computer and remote computer.
FTP: FTP stands for File Transfer Protocol. FTP is an internet protocol used for transmitting the files from one system to another computer system.
SMTP: SMTP stands for Simple mail transfer protocol. This protocol is used to send the data to another e-mail address.
DNS: DNS stands for Domain Name System. As an IP address is used to identify the connection of a host to the internet uniquely. But, people basically prefer to use the names .Therefore Domain Name System is used.
TELNET: It is basically stands for Terminal Network. It establishes the connection between the local computer and remote computer.
FTP: FTP stands for File Transfer Protocol. FTP is an internet protocol used for transmitting the files from one system to another computer system.
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