Programming Languages:-

There are three types of programming languages

1) Low level language:-

Low level language consider as the first generation of language , low level language also known as the machine language . First program language made in machine language level.

It is only language understood directly by computer's central processing unit because it is a collection of binary digits. It has no need of translator . At the early era of programming it was used for program coding. While easily understood by computer, machine languages are almost impossible for humans to use because they consist of numbers, that is series of '0' and '1' . Coding in machine language is very difficult and has more possibilities of error.

Note:-

Machine Language instruction has two parts: one of the operation code or opcode that specifies the operations to be performed and the other is operand such as data on which the operation should act.

2) Assembly Language:-

Assembly Language was developed to make coding easier than machine language. At the place of binary code of machine language mnemonic code and symbolic addresses were developed, that were easy to remember . This symbolic language made program writing easy. But it must be translated into machine codes before being used operationally. This symbolic language made program writing easy. But is must be translated into machine codes before being used operationally. The program used to convert or translate programs written in assembly code to machine code is called assembler. Coding in assembly language is simpler than machine language and error detection is easy.

3) High Level Language:-

High level language is a programming language which is machine independent and uses translator. It is closer to human languages . It is also called a source code. Some commonly used high level languages are C , BASIC , FORTRAN , ALGOL , PASCAL etc.

There are some high level languages :-

1) FORTRAN (Formula Translation) :-

FORTRAN (Formula Translation) was the first high level programming language invented by John Backus for IBM (704) in October 1956 , but the first FORTAN compiler delivered in April 1957. The language was widely adopted by scientists and engineers for writing numerically intensive programs , which encouraged compiler writers to produce compilers that could generate faster and more efficient code.

FORTRAN is basically used for Scientific Purpose.

2) ALGOL (Algorithmic Language):-

It was developed by John Backus in 1958 ALGOL 58. It was revised and expanded by Peter Naur in 1960 and known as ALGOL 60 . It used for scientific and engineering purpose.

3) COBOL (Common Business Oriented Language):-

It was one of the earliest high level programming language. It was developed in 1959 by Grace Hopper. Its primary domain is business , finance and administrative Systems for companies and governments. Group of sentences in this language is called paragraph. All Paragraphs together make a section and all sections make a division. For mathematical terms, COBOL uses ADD , SUBSTRACT and MULTIPLY etc. It is English Like language and provide much suitable documentation.

4)RPG (Report Program Generator):-

It is a high level programming language for business applications, which generates report. It is developed by IBM in 1961 and primary vendor of RPG is also IBM.

5) MODULA and MODULA 2:-

Modula is a descendant of the programming language Pascal. It was developed in Switzerland in the late 1970s by Nicklaus Wirth. The main innovation of Modula over Pascal is a module system, used for grouping sets of related declarations into program units. Modula 2 is a computer programming language invented by Niklaus Wirth around 1978 , as a successor to Modula. It is specially suited to computer systems development work.

6)SQL:-

SQL( Structured Query Language) , QUEL (Query Language) are example of database query language.

7) APL (A Programming Language):-

It was developed in 1964 by Kenneth E. Iverson. It is an oriented interactive language for algorithmic processing which is available from a number of commercial and non- commercial vendors for most computer platforms. It is a specially powerful language in defining vectors and matrices.

8) BASIC (Beginner's All Purpose Symbolic Instruction Code):-

It was designed in 1964 by John George Kemeny and Thomas Eugene Kurtz to provide computer accerss to non- science students. It is simple, powerful and interactive language for beginners and provides clear error message.

9) PLI(Programming Language One):-

It was developed by IBM in the early 1960's and is still actively used. It is designed for scientific , engineering , and business applications.

10) C Programming language:-

C is a general purpose language which was developed by Dennis Ritchie in 1972 at the T Bell Laboratories for use on the Unix operating system. It is known as Case sensitive Language.

11)C++ Programming language:-

C++ is object oriented language developed by Bjarne Stroustrup in 1979 at T Bell Laboratories It is also case sensitive language.

12) PASCAL:-

It was invented by Niklaus Wirth in 1970. It support structured programming than many older languages such as COBOL or FORTRAN.

13)PROLOG:-

It is a general purpose programming language. It has a rich collection of data structure. It is used to develop Artificial Intelligence(AI).

14)JAVA :-

Java is developed by James Gosling at Sun Microsystems and release in 1995. It is known as the pure object oriented language. It is also known as the case sensitive language. It used for creating webpage. It also used for creating Applet.

15) Phython:-

Python is an interpreted, high-level and general-purpose programming language. Python's design philosophy emphasizes code readability with its notable use of significant whitespace. Its language constructs and object-oriented approach aim to help programmers write clear, logical code for small and large-scale projects. Python was conceived in the late 1980s by Guido van Rossum at Centrum Wiskunde & Informatica (CWI) in the Netherlands as a successor to ABC programming language

Ticker

Programming Languages in Computer